The Learning Sciences and Effective Instruction

This module investigates the most effective, research-informed learning strategies that promote long-term understanding and flexible application of knowledge. Grounded in contemporary cognitive science, students will explore how different learning strategies influence memory, comprehension, and transfer - and how to design instruction that supports deep, durable learning across diverse educational settings. Students will engage critically with robust empirical research on strategies such as retrieval practice, spacing, interleaving, elaboration, dual coding, and the use of concrete examples. The module also challenges prevalent myths in educational practice, such as learning styles and passive review, fostering the development of an evidence-based mindset. Key questions include: How do we ensure that learners are not just performing in the moment, but retaining knowledge over time? How can we embed desirable difficulties into instruction without overwhelming learners? In addition to exploring the theoretical foundations of learning strategies, students will evaluate their real-world implementation. They will learn to analyse and adapt instructional practices, align strategies with cognitive processes, and make principled decisions about when, how, and for whom particular strategies are effective. Attention is also given to how strategies are taught - including the metacognitive and motivational supports needed to build students' strategy use over time.