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Atoms and the periodic table; chemical bonding; reduction and oxidation reactions; properties of gases; introduction to thermodynamics; kinetics; chemical equilibrium; Gibbs energy and the second law of thermodynamics; aqueous chemistry; acid-base equilibrium.
(1) NCEA: at least 14 credits NCEA Level 3 Chemistry, or(2) CIE: at least D grade in CIE AL Chemistry or A grade in CIE ASL Chemistry, or(3) IB: at least Grade 4 in IB HL Chemistry or Grade 6 in IB SL Chemistry, or(4) CHEM114, orat least B Grade in BRDG023.